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Getting started with crutches

Your complete beginner's guide to choosing, sizing, and using crutches safely and effectively. Everything here is based on medical guidelines and real-world testing, so you can move with confidence instead of guessing.

Evidence-based, last updated January 2025

Researched using peer-reviewed studies, AAOS, and APTA recommendations. Always follow your provider's weight-bearing and activity instructions. This is the guide I wish I had on day one after my own ankle surgery.

Types of crutches

Choosing the right style depends on your injury, strength, balance, and how long you will need support.

Axillary (underarm) crutches

  • Best for short-term use (6–8 weeks), post-surgery recovery, and temporary injuries.
  • Pros: easy to learn, widely available, affordable.
  • Cons: armpit discomfort if used incorrectly; typical capacity 250–300 lbs.

Do not rest on your armpits

Your weight should stay on your hands and handgrips to avoid nerve damage (crutch palsy).

Forearm (Lofstrand/Canadian) crutches

  • Best for long-term use, permanent mobility needs, or active lifestyles.
  • Pros: more maneuverable, better on stairs, allows brief hand freedom.
  • Cons: steeper learning curve; typical capacity 250–350 lbs.

Platform crutches

  • Best when grip strength is limited (arthritis, hand or wrist injury, some neuro conditions).
  • Pros: shifts weight off hands and wrists; comfortable for extended use.
  • Cons: bulkier, more expensive; typical capacity 250–400 lbs.

Hands-free options (knee scooters/iWALK)

  • Best for below-knee injuries when balance is good and you need hands free.
  • Pros: keeps hands free, less tiring, upright posture.
  • Cons: not ideal on rough terrain; typical capacity 275–400 lbs.

Want comparisons? See our knee scooter reviews and alternatives.

Proper sizing guide

Correct sizing prevents shoulder, wrist, and posture problems. Aim for elbows bent 15–30°. Use the sizing calculator for a quick check if you do not have a tape measure handy.

Axillary crutch sizing

Method 1: Standing (most accurate)

  1. Stand in your regular shoes; place crutches 6 inches forward and 6 inches to the side.
  2. Top pad sits 1–2 inches (two to three fingers) below your armpit.
  3. Handgrip aligns with wrist crease when arms hang naturally.
  4. Elbows bend slightly when gripping (15–30°).

Method 2: Lying down

  1. Lie flat and measure from 6 inches out from your heel to your armpit.
  2. Use that distance for overall crutch length.

Method 3: Height estimate (quick check)

  • 5'0"–5'3": 48–50"
  • 5'4"–5'7": 52–54"
  • 5'8"–6'2": 56–58"
  • 6'3"+ : 60–62"

Forearm crutch sizing

  • Handgrip height matches your wrist crease when standing.
  • Forearm cuff sits 1–1.5 inches below the elbow; snug but not tight.
  • Elbows bend 15–30° when gripping.

Insurance coverage

Many plans (including Medicare as DME) cover crutches with a prescription. Save receipts and check requirements in advance.

Step-by-step fitting

Adjusting axillary crutches

  1. Set overall length using the spring buttons; ensure each button snaps fully.
  2. Adjust handgrip height with the wing nut/button so grips meet your wrist crease.
  3. Test standing: keep a two-finger gap below the armpit and slight elbow bend.

Adjusting forearm crutches

  1. Set shaft length with clamps or buttons.
  2. Match handgrip to wrist crease height.
  3. Place cuff 1–1.5 inches below the elbow and secure all adjustments.

Safety check

After adjustments, confirm all pins and clamps are locked before you walk.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Leaning on armpits: keep a two- to three-finger gap to prevent nerve issues.
  • Incorrect sizing: too tall strains shoulders; too short causes hunching.
  • Looking down: eyes forward to maintain balance and posture.
  • Worn tips: replace rubber tips when tread is smooth or cracked.
  • Going too fast: master basics at home before stairs or uneven ground.

When to use crutches vs. other aids

Choose crutches when:

  • You need partial or non-weight bearing on one leg for 6–12 weeks.
  • You have good upper body strength and balance.
  • You must navigate stairs regularly.

Consider a walker or wheelchair when:

  • Balance is limited or both legs are affected.
  • Upper body strength is low or recovery is long (3+ months).
  • Other medical conditions raise fall risk.

Consider a cane when:

  • You can bear most weight on the injured leg and only need light support.
  • You are transitioning away from crutches toward full mobility.

Ask your provider

Your clinician can match the right aid to your condition, age, and lifestyle, and provide prescriptions for coverage.

Frequently asked questions

What is the proper crutch height for my body?

Stand upright with arms relaxed. Crutch tops sit 1–2 inches below the armpits and grips line up with the wrist crease. Weight stays on your hands, not armpits.

Should I use forearm or underarm crutches?

Underarm crutches suit short-term use and beginners. Forearm crutches are better for long-term use, reducing shoulder strain and improving mobility on stairs. Follow your therapist's advice.

How do I measure myself at home?

Stand straight in regular shoes. Measure from two inches below the armpit to six inches in front of your foot, or start with height minus 16 inches. Use the sizing calculator for a quick check.

Can I rent crutches instead of buying?

Yes. Rentals often run $20–$40 per month and many insurance plans cover most costs with a prescription. For longer use, buying can be cheaper.

What are the biggest beginner mistakes?

Leaning on armpits, looking down, taking oversized steps, and using worn tips. Keep weight on your hands, eyes forward, steps small, and tips fresh.

Your next steps

  • Read the how-to guides for stairs, showers, and daily movement.
  • Practice safe gait patterns at home before heading outside.
  • Use the sizing calculator to double-check your fit.
  • Compare crutch options that match your recovery length and budget.